The Greek Era (336–323 B.C.)

The Greek Era (336–323 B.C.)

Historical Situation

Alexander the Great was the central figure of this brief period. He conquered Persia, Babylon, Palestine, Syria, Egypt, and western India. Although he died at the age of thirty-three, having reigned over Greece only thirteen years, his influence lived long after him.

Religious Developments

Alexander’s cherished desire was to found a worldwide empire united by language, custom, and civilization. Under his influence the world began to speak and study the Greek language. This process, called Hellenization, included the adoption of Greek culture and religion in all parts of the world. Hellenism became so popular that it persisted and was encouraged by the Romans even into New Testament times.

A long and bitter struggle developed between the Jews and Hellenism’s influence upon their culture and religion. Although the Greek language was sufficiently widespread by 270 B.C. to bring about a Greek translation of the Old Testament (the Septuagint), faithful Jews staunchly resisted pagan polytheism.